Device for ringless spinning of fibers

ABSTRACT

A hollow rotary spinning chamber has a shaft fixed therewith and defining an axis of rotation for the chamber. Drive means engages the shaft for rotating it and thereby the spinning chamber. Magnetic means maintains the shaft in a predetermined operative position in lieu of bearings.

United States Patent [191 Rajnoha et al.

[ DEVICE FOR RINGLESS SPINNING 0F FIBERS [75] Inventors: JaroslavRajnoha, Tyniste nad Orlici; Ladislav Bures, Usti nad Orlici; JosefDolezal, Usti nad Orlici; Miroslav Jungmann, Usti nad Orlici, all ofCzechoslovakia [73] Assignee: Elitex Zavody Textilnilio ShojuenstviGeneralin Reditelslvi, Liberec, Czechoslovakia 22 Filed: Mar. 20, 197021 Appl. No.: 21,428

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Mar. 20, 1969 Czechoslovakia1980-69 [52] U.S. CI. 57/58.89 [51] Int. Cl D0lh 1/12 [58] Field ofSearch ..57/58.89, 58.91, 58.93, 1 ,1 ,177- 5 [56] References CitedUNITED STATES PATENTS 3,304,706 2/1967 Mattingly 57/77.45

[ Feb. 26, 1974 3,355,871 12/1967 Mattingly... s7/77.45 3,473,31310/1969 Crouzet 57/77.45

3,447,298 6/1969 Collins 57/58.89 3,447,299 6/1969 Negishi 57/58.89

FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 234,010 6/1964 Austria 57/77.45

755,372 3/1967 Canada 57/77.45 998,091 7/1965 Great Britain 57/77.45

Primary Examiner-Werner H. Schroeder Attorney, Agent, or Firm--Michae1S. Striker [5 7] I ABSTRACT A hollow rotary spinning chamber has a shaftfixed therewith and defining an axis of rotation for the chamber. Drivemeans engages the shaft for rotating it and thereby the spinningchamber. Magnetic means maintains the shaft in a predetermined operativeposition in lieu of bearings,

24 Claims, 15 Drawing Figures PATENTEDFLHZU mm SHEET '4 BF 7 FIG] 6 3K,i 1 n w BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relatesgenerally to spinning machines, and more particularly to machines forringless spinning of fibers. Still more particularly the presentinvention relates to spinning machines using rotary spinning chambers.

Machines of the general type in question herein are already known. Theyuse a generally cup-shaped rotary spinning chamber which is rotated athigh speed and onto an inner circumferential wall of which fibers incarded and separated state are deposited in known manner, whereuponthese fibers become connected with one another under the influence ofcentrifugal force and can be withdrawn as a continuous thread from thespinning chamber.

Such spinning chambers must be rotated at high speeds which requiresthat they are mounted in special highspeed bearings. Consequently allspinning chambers of the type which have heretofore become known do, infact, utilize high-speed bearings by means of which the spinningchambers are mounted for rotation. Such bearings, however, are veryexpensive to manufacture because of the precision requirements which aremade of them. On the other hand, they must be constantly and preciselylubricated with special lubricants and despite this they are subjectedto considerable heating and friction so that their lifetime is veryshort. Finally, in operation these bearings are rather noisy.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is a general object of the present inventionto overcome the aforementioned disadvantages.

More particularly it is an object of the present invention to provide,in a device for ringless spinning of f1- bers, a construction whereinthe rotary spinning chamber need not be journalled in bearings.

Still more specifically it is an object of the present invention toprovide such a device wherein the spinning chamber is in effectjournalled by magnetic means which serves to maintain the spinningchamber in desired position.

In pursuance of the above objects, and others which will becomeapparent, one feature of the invention resides in a device for ringlessspinning of fibers which comprises, briefly stated, a hollow rotaryspinning chamber and a shaft which is fixed with this spinning chamberand which defines an axis of rotation for the same. Drive means engagesthe shaft for rotating the same and thereby the spinning chamber, andmagnetic means maintains the shaft in a predetermined operative positionin lieu of bearings.

The novel features which are considered as characteristic for theinvention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. Theinvention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method ofoperation together with additional objects and advantages thereof, willbe best understood from the following description of specificembodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is an axial sectional elevationillustrating one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a top-plan view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1 and illustrating a furtherembodiment; I

FIG. 4 is a view similar to but illustrating the embodiment of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 1 illustrating yet an additionalembodiment;

FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 2 but of FIG. 5, and also taken in apartial section on line VI-VI of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is another view similar to FIG. 1 but illustrating still afurther embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a section taken on line VIII-VIII of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 7 illustrating still another embodimentof the invention;

FIG. 10 is a section on line X-X of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 9 illustrating still anotherembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 7 illustrating an additionalembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 13 is a section on line XIII-XIII of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is also a view similar to FIG. 7 but illustrating a finalembodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 15 is a section on line XV-XV of FIG. 14.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Discussing now the drawing indetail, and firstly the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, it willbe seen that reference numeral 2 identifies a spindle mounted on or inthe body or housing 1. The spindle carries connected thereto forrotation with it a hollow carding roller 3 of known construction, and isprovided at its free end with a pulley 4, for instance for engagement bya drive belt or the like (not illustrated) so that the spindle may berotated about its axis. In the illustrated embodiment the carding rolleris provided on its inner circumferential surface with two annular beadsor projections 5 and 6 which are circumferentially continuous. A holderis identified with reference numeral 9 and a recess is provided in theseparating or carding roller 3 for the bearings 11, 12 of the holder 9.

The outer circumferential surface of the carding roller 3 is providedwith a carding configuration, that is it is of such configuration thatit cards or separates fibrous sliver fed to it into its constituentfibers. In the illustrated embodiment this is achieved by providing theexterior of the carding roller 3 with the covering 10 having saw-toothexternal configuration, although needles, pins or the like could also beprovided.

Holder 9 is secured to a lid 14 in which a rotating spinning chamber 15is mounted. A shank or shaft 16 is rigid with the spinning chamber 15and provided with an annular projection 17. Bearings 11 and 12 of theholder 9 have a certain clearance, in conjunction with the member 13,permits the necessary adjustment of the spinning chamber 15 and itsaxial retention. The annular projection 17 of the shaft 16 extendsinto acorresponding notch provided in the member 13 and the shaft, whichextends through the bearings 11, 12 is in contact with the inner side ofthe heads 5 and 6.

Laterally of the carding roller 3, at the side which is proximal to theshaft 16 of the spinning chamber 15, retaining means is provided in formhere of permanent magnets 18 and 19 which in this embodiment may be ofannular or circular shape. The magnets are each adjacent to the shaft 16and their coincident poles are juxtaposed. A pole shoe 21 is providedinterposed between the juxtaposed poles, and two further pole shoes 20,21 each cooperate with the respective poles of the permanent magnets 18and 19. All of the pole shoes extend towards the shaft 16, thusmaintaining the same in predetermined operative position. In otherwords, the shaft 16 is maintained in its predetermined operativeposition and can deviate from this position only by the clearance valuedetermined by the bearings 11 and 12, that is to a negligible extent. Itis to be understood that the bearings 11 and 12 are not journals for theshaft 16 but only serve to determine the permissible deviation of theshaft 16 from its permanent position. The shaft is thus capable ofrotation without being journalled in bearings-keeping in mind what hasjust been said about the purpose of the bearings 11 and l2and theexpense of providing high-speed bearings, of lubricating them, and thenoise associated with the operation of such bearings are therebyeliminated.

The embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 differs from the embodimentof FIGS. 1 and 2 primarily in that the bearings 11 and 12 of FIGS. 1 and2 are omitted and the permissible deviation of the shaft 16 from itspredetermined position is defined by the illustrated annular discmembers. Like elements are again identified with like referencenumerals. Here, however, the projection 17 on shaft 16 extends into arecess 28 provided on an annular disc member 27. A holder 25 is mountedon the lid 14 and pairs 26, 26' and 27, 27' of annular disc members aremounted ON shafts 23, 24 respectively, which in turn are held by theholder 25. The holder 25 is so arranged that in normal operativeposition of the shaft 16 the rotating shaft will not be in contact withthe disc 26, 26 and 27, 27'. The latter, that is the discs justmentioned, serve only to prevent shaft 16 from misalignmentthat is fromdeviating from its predetermined position-during starting and braking ofthe carding roller 3.

In this embodiment, as in FIGS. 1 and 2, radial retention of the shaft16 against displacement from its operative position is also effected bymeans of the permanent magnets 18 and 19 with their respective poleshoes 20, 21 and 22.

The embodiment illustrated in FIGS. and 6 provides for an arrangement ofthe rotary spinning chamber within the circumferential confines of thecarding roller 3. Again, like reference numerals identify like elements.Here, however, the spinning chamber is mounted with its shaft 16 withinthe circumferential confines of the carding roller 3. The shaft 16 isprovided with annular radial projections 31, 31' and is in contact withtwo pairs of driving discs 34, 34 and 35, 35', respectively. These discsare mounted on the respective shafts 29, 29' which are secured in aholder 36 of magnetized material which at the same time also constitutesa pole shoe of a permanent magnet 37. The latter may have cubical orparallelepipedal form and is mounted between the opposite axial endsections of the holder 36. The projections 31, 31' serve to secure theshaft 16 in its desired axial position.

At least one of the two pairs of discs 34, 34 and 35, 35' is in contactwith the inner circumferential surface of the carding roller 3. There isfurther provided an additional holder 40 arranged adjacent the holder 36in the illustrated manner laterally of the shaft 16 and supporting ashaft 30 on which a further pair 41, 41' of discs is mounted. A pair ofpermanent magnets 41, 42-which may have the form of rods,parallelepipeds or another desired configuration -are located atdiametrally opposite sides of the shaft 30 and the discs 41, 41 (seeFIG. 6). The poles of the magnets 42, 42' are arranged opposite tomagnet 37 and the holder 40 constitutes with its upper and lowerportions pole shoes for the magnets 42, 42. The purpose of thesesecondary magnets is to provide for contact of the disc 41, 41 with theshaft 16 of the chamber 15.

A main magnet 43 is mounted in the housing 1 exteriorly of the cardingroller 3 and has its poles arranged oppositely with reference to thoseof the magnet 37, and its pole shoes 44, 45 directed towards the cardingroller 3. The purpose and operation of this embodiment is, of course,the same as before.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 7 and 8 drive-discs 50, 51 and a pulley 52are mounted on the shaft 2 of the carding roller 3; the pulley 52receives rotary motion from a non-illustrated drive. Shaft 2 isrotatably journalled in sleeves 55, 55 which in turn are mounted andspaced apart in a sleeve 56 surrounding the shaft 2 with clearance. Therotary spinning chamber is identified with reference numeral 15 and itshould be emphasized that its particular construction is nowheredisclosed in detail herein, because this construction is well known inthe art and is conventional as far as considerations of the presentinvention are concerned. Reference numeral 16 again identifies the shaftfor the spinning chamber 15 and contacts the peripheries of the drivediscs and 51. It extends through openings 62, 62 provided in the poleshoes 58, 59 which are common both to the main magnet 57 and to theauxiliary magnet 65. The main magnet 57 is of annular configuration andsurrounds the sleeve 56 as well as the sleeves 55, carried thereby;these sleeves are of non-magnetic material.

A holder 71, also of non-magnetic material and having a generally rodshape or parallelepiped configuration is connected with the pole shoe 59below an auxiliary magnet 65, as mentioned above and is provided with anextension 60 projecting underneath the main magnet 57 and by means ofwhich the entire device is secured to a beam or support 61 ofnon-magnetic material.

A magnet 70 is mounted on the holder 71 and provided with a pole shoe 69facing an annular projection at the free end of the shaft 16. The freeend, or the annular projection 66, is provided with an axial recess 67and a spherical member or ball 68 is partly received in the recess 67and in contact with the pole shoe 69. The shaft 16 is thereby securedagainst axial displacement.-

The main magnet 57 and the auxiliary magnet are so arranged that theirlike poles are coincident, that is they face in the same direction. Theopenings 62, 62' in the pole shoes 58 and 59 surround the shaft 16 withclearance. Their configuration (see FIG. 8) is such that they each havetwo oppositely located projections 63, 64 and 63, 64, respectively,which are spaced at unequal distances from the shaft 16 in such a mannerthat the narrower gap-that is the distance which is the smaller-islocated at the side of the drive discs 50, 51. At the side away from thedrive discs 50, 51 the gap between the respective projection (here theprojections 64, 64) and the shaft 16 is larger and this, together withthe auxiliary magnet 65 located at the same side,

contributes to stabilization of shaft 16 during its rotary motion.

Coming to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 it will be seen thatthis is generally similar to the one in FIGS. 7 and 8. Here, however,two permanent annular magnets 72 and 72' are employed which surround thesleeve 56 consisting of non-magnetic material. There are furtherprovided two auxiliary magnets 73 and 73 which may have the form ofrods, cubes or parallelepipeds or another suitable configuration andwhich are located at the opposite side of the shaft 16 from the magnets72, 72 (see FIG. 9). The two pairs of magnets are connected at theiridentical poles, a pole shoe 58' being interposed and provided with anopening 62' having the same shape as the openings 62, 62 of FIGS. 7 and8. The drawing of FIG. 9 clearly shows that the shaft 16 of the spinningchamber thus also passes through the opening 62". In other respects theembodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10 is the same as that of FIGS. 7 and 8.

FIG. 11 shows an alternative embodiment to that of FIGS. 9 and 10. Herea plurality of circular magnets 73, 73' and 73" is provided whichsurrounds and are mounted upon the non-magnetic sleeve 56. The magnets73, 73 and 73" are provided with pole shoes 74, 74, 74" and 75. Thelatter, that is the pole shoe 75, is provided with an extension 76 bymeans of which the entire device is fixedly secured with a support orbeam 61 in suitable manner. Element 61 again consists of non-magneticmaterial. Shaft 16 (the spinning chamber 15 is omitted) is provided atits free or bottom end with a tip 78 which engages a support bearing 79to locate the shaft 16 in desired axial position.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 12 and 13 like reference numerals againidentify like elements as in the preceding embodiments. Here, however,there is provided a holder 80 of non-magnetic material which is mountedon the support 61 and provided with a tubular portion 80a which takesthe place of the sleeve 56 in the preceding embodiments and which mountsthe sleeves 55, 55'. The shaft 2 of the carding roller 3 is journalledin the sleeves 55, 55'. Drive discs 50, 51 are provided as well as apulley 52 by means of which motion is imparted to the shaft 2 from anon-illustrated source of motion.

A pole shoe 81 is mounted adjacent the tubular portion 80a between thedrive discs 50 and 51. On the side facing away from the shaft 2 the poleshoe 81 is provided with alternating projections 82 and recesses 83which may be of identical widthwith reference to the axial elongation ofthe shafts 2 and 16--or of which the projections 82 may have a greaterwidth than the recesses 83, or vice versa. Again, the recesses 82 and 83may be entirely omitted. In the illustrated embodiment, where therecesses 82 and 83 are provided, the shaft 16 of the rotary spinningchamber 15 is provided with corresponding recesses 86 and projections 85whose dimensions correspond to those of the projections 83 and recesses83 and which are juxtaposed with their counterparts. Alternately, theshaft 16 may be smooth, that is the recesses 85 and 86 may be omitted.Rod-like permanent magnets 87 and 88 are mounted in pole shoe 81 andtheir identical poles are located adjacent one another. They serve bymeans of the pole shoe 81 to provide the axial and radial stabilizationof the shank 16 and thereby of the spinning chamber .15 whichconstitutes the concept of the present invention.

Coming, finally, to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15 itwill be seen that this is again rather similar to the embodiment ofFIGS. 7 and 8. Here, a holder 94 is provided one of the ends of which issecured to the support 61. Its tubular portion 94a corresponds to thesleeve 56 and journals the sleeves 55 and 55' in which the shaft 2 ofthe carding roller 3 is mounted for rotation. Drive discs 50, 51 aremounted also on the shaft 2 for rotation therewith and contact the shaft16 of the spinning chamber 15.

Mounted in a cylindrically configurated portion 95 of the holder 94 aretwo semi-circular or horseshoeshaped permanent magnets 89 and 90 withpole shoes 91 and 92 being interposed between them which extend in thedirection towards the shaft 16 to thereby secure the same radiallyagainst movement. The magnets 89 and 90 are arranged adjacent the poleshoes 91 and 92 with their like poles being coincident. Axialstabilization of the shaft 16 against movement is the same as in theembodiment of FIGS. 7 and 8. A

The various embodiments having been described with respect to theirstructural features, the operation of the device according to thepresent invention will now be explained. In the embodiments of FIGS. 1and 2 rotary motion is transmitted to the shaft 2 of the carding roller3 by means of the pulley 4 from a nonillustrated source. As the cardingroller 3 moves it transmits motion to the shaft 16 of the spinningchamber 15 which is in engagement with and rolls on the beads 5 and 6.It will be appreciated that in all embodiments suitable passages will beprovided, connecting the carding roller with the spinning chamber sothat iibers can move from the former to the latter. Such passages, andthe flow-direction of the fibers, are shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 5. Adetailed description is not, however, believed necessary because thepassages per se are already known from the art, for instance from U.S.Pat. No. 3,455,097 to which reference may be had for furtherinformation. The position of the shaft 16 is stabilized on the one handby the bearings 11 and 12 and the projection 17, and on the other handby the permanent magnets 18 and 19 the pole shoes 20, 21 and 22 of whichattract the shaft 16 of the spinning chamber 15 to the projections 5, 6and thus stabilize it in its desired position.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 the position of the shaft 16 isstabilized by the discs 26, 26' and 27, 27' of which at least one pair,in this embodiment of the discs 27, 27', is associated with theprojection 17 at such time as the shank 2 is started or stopped in itsrotation. After the starting phase is completed, shaft 116 is I nolonger in contact with discs 26, 26' and 27, 27 '-and f is maintained inengagement with the projections 5 and 6 of the carding roller 3exclusively by the permanent magnets 18, 19 and their pole shoes 20, 21and 22.

When the rotation of the shaft 2 and the carding roller l 3 is stopped,so that motion transmitted to the shaft 16 by means of the beads 5 and 6is interrupted, the again contacts the discs 26, 26' and 27, 27.-

In the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 rotary motion is I transmitted to atleast one of the pairs of discs 34, 35

when the shaft 2 is started, by contact with the inner wall surface ofthe carding roller 3. The shaft 16 is pressed by the action of the discs41 and 41' against the two pairs of discs 34, 35 because of the mutualattraction of the permanent magnet 37 and the permanent magnets 42, 42'via the holders 36 and 40, which constitute the pole shoes of the magnet37 or the magnets 42, 42' respectively, which magnets are arranged withtheir opposite poles towards one another. Securing of contact of atleast one of the two pairs of discs 34, 35 with the innercircumferential surface of the rotating carding roller 3 is thus aninevitable condition for achieving rotation of the shaft 16 as well asthe stabilization of its position. It is achieved by the provision ofthe main magnet 34 located outside the carding roller 1 and acting withits pole shoes 44 and 45 upon the holder 56 which in turn forms a poleshoe of the magnet 37 the poles of which are arranged oppositely withrespect to the signs of the poles of the magnet 43.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 7 and 8 rotation of the carding roller 3 anddiscs 51 and 52 is imparted to the shaft 16 of the spinning chamber 15.The shaft 16 is radially secured by the magnet 57 and the magnet 65.They both act upon shaft 16 with their common pole shoes 58 and 59 andwith the pole shoes 63, 64 and 63, 64 respectively. The shaft 16 isaxially secured by the magnet 70, the spherical member 68 and the recessin which the latter is received.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 9 and rotation of the carding roller 3results in the rotation of the discs 50 and 51 which, being in contactwith the shaft 16, rotate the latter. The permanent magnets 72 and 72'act upon the shaft 16 magnetically to radially secure it. Permanentmagnets 73 and 73' act on the shaft 16 via the pole shoes 63, 64, 63,64', 63" and 64" in the openings 62, 62 and 62" of the common pole shoes58, 58 and 59. The shaft 16 is axially secured against displacement inthe same manner as discussed above with respect to the embodiment ofFIGS. 7 and 8.

In FIG. 11 the drive discs 50 and 51 transmit rotary motion from theshaft 2 of the carding roller 3 to the shaft 16. The magnets 73, 73' and73" with their pole shoes 74, 74, 74" and 75 act upon and secure theshaft 16 in radial direction, whereas the bearing 79 maintains the shaft16 against displacement in axial direction.

In FIGS. 12 and 13 rotary motion to the shaft 16 is imparted by thediscs 50 and 51 in response to the rotation of the shaft 2. Radial andaxial maintaining of the shaft 16 in its predetermined location takesplace via an open magnetic circuit by means of the pole shoes 81 throughthe permanent magnets 87 and 88, whereas the pole shoe 81 as well as theshaft 18 cannot be provided with projections 82 or 85, and recesses 83or 86 which have been described earlier with respect to these Figures.

In FIGS. 14 and 15, finally, shaft 16 is rotated by contact with thediscs 50 and 51 which in turn are rotated in response to rotation of theshaft 2. Shaft 16 is radially maintained in its predetermined positionby a closed magnetic circuit with the pole shoes 91 and 92 which aredirected towards shaft 16 from two opposite sides, in response to theaction of two semi-circular or horseshoe-shaped magnets 89 and 90 whichsurround the shaft 16 over part of its length. The axial maintenance ofshaft 16 in its predetermined position is the same as described withrespect to FIGS. 7 and 9.

It will be clear from what has been set forth that by resorting to thepresent invention there is obtained a very simple construction,eliminating the need for highspeed bearings for journalling the shaft16. The reliability in the transmission of rotary motion in theseconstructions according to the present invention is superior to what isknown from the art, and the mainte nance of the shaft in the correctoperating position- -and therefore of the spinningchamber-with respectto radial and axial positioning, is accomplished in a very simple andhighly efficient manner. All of this con tributes in a significantimprovement in the operation of a machine utilizing an arrangement andin a consequent improvement of the thread or yarn quality produced withthe arrangement on such a machine.

It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or twoor more together, may also find a useful application in other types ofconstructions differing from the types described above.

While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in adevice for ringless spinning of fibers, it is not intended to be limitedto the details shown, since various modifications and structural changesmay be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the presentinvention.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist ofthe present invention that others can by applying current knowledgereadily adapt it for various applications without omitting featuresthat, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essentialcharacteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this inventionand, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to becomprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of thefollowing claims.

What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent isset forth in the appended claims:

1. In a device for ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, a hollowcylindrical carding roller having an inner circumferential surface andbeing mounted for rotation about a first axis; a hollow rotary spinningchamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamber and defining for thesame a second axis of rotation axially paralleling said first axis, saidshaft extending in part into said carding roller; magnetic meansmaintaining said shaft in a predetermined operative position in lieu ofbearings; and drive means, comprising motiontransmitting elements onsaid inner circumferential surface, engaging said shaft for rotating thesame and said spinning chamber in response to rotation of said cardingrollers.

2. In a device as defined in claim 1, said motiontransmitting elementscomprising at least two circumferentially complete annular beadsprovided on said inner surface axially spaced from one another and inengagement with an outer surface of said shaft.

3. In a device as defined in claim 1; further comprising retaining meansoperative for retaining said shaft at least substantially againstmovement to positions in which it is skew with reference to saidpredetermined position, during starting and stopping of said rotation.

4. In a device as defined in claim 3, said retaining means comprisingannular retaining members surrounding said shaft with predeterminedradial clearance and being fixedly mounted in said carding roller.

5. In a device as defined in claim 1 said motiontransmitting elementscomprising at least two pair of coaxial motion-transmitting annulisurrounding said shaft in motion-transmitting relationship therewith, atleast one of said pairs contacting said inner surface and receivingrotary motion in response to rotation of said carding roller.

6. In a device as defined in claim 1, said magnetic means comprising atleast two permanent magnets having like poles which face one another,and pole shoes facing said shaft.

7. In a device as defined in claim 6, said permanent magnets being rodshaped.

8. In a device as defined in claim 6, said permanent magnets beingcircumferentially complete annular magnet members of circular outline.

9. In a device as defined in claim 6, said permanent magnets beingcircumferentially incomplete annular magnet members of semi-circularoutline.

10. In a device as defined in claim 6, said permanent magnets being ofsubstantially cubical configuration.

11. In a device as defined in claim 6, said permanent magnets being ofparallelepipedal configuration.

12. In a device as defined in claim said magnetic means comprising amain magnet and three auxiliary magnets, a holder for said main magnetsupporting the latter exteriorly of said carding roller adjacent thewall of the same, said holder constituting a pole shoe for one of saidauxiliary magnets located within said roller and having two polesarranged oppositely said main magnet, and a pair of permanentreinforcing magnets mounted on said motion-transmitting annuli andhaving poles positioned in coincident relationship with those of saidmain magnet, and an additional holder holding said reinforcing magnetsand constituting a pole shoe for the same.

13. In a device for ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, ahollow rotary spinning chamber; a first shaft fixed with said spinningchamber and defining an axis of rotation for the same; magnetic meansmaintaining said first shaft in a predetermined operative position inlieu of bearings; a carding roller having a second shaft and beingmounted for rotation in axial parallelism with said axis of rotation ofsaid chamber; and drive means, comprising at least two annular drivemembers surrounding and fixed to said first shaft and operatively associated with said second shaft for receiving rotary motion from thesame.

14. In a device for ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, ahollow rotary spinning chamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamberand defining an axis of rotation for the same; drive means engaging saidshaft for rotating the same and said spinning chamber; and magneticmeans maintaining said shaft in a predetermined operative position inlieu of bearings, said magnetic means comprising a plurality ofpermanent magnets arranged above one another and having respectivecoincident poles, and pole shoes connecting said coincident poles.

15. In a device for ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, ahollow rotary spinning chamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamberand defining an axis of rotation for the same; drive means engaging saidshaft for rotating the same and said spinning chamber; and magneticmeans maintaining said shaft in a predetermined operative position inlieu of bearings, said magnetic means comprising a plurality ofpermanent magnets arranged above one another at opposite sides of saidshaft, and pole shoes on said magnets and cooperating with said shaftfor maintaining the same in said predetermined position.

16. In a device for ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, ahollow rotary spinning chamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamberand defining an axis of rotation for the same; drive means engaging saidshaft for rotating the same and said spinning chamber; and magneticmeans maintaining said shaft in a predetermined operative position inlieu of bearings, said magnetic means comprising a plurality ofpermanent magnets arranged adjacent one another all at one side of saidshaft and having respective coincident poles, and a pole shoe extendinglongitudinally of said shaft and connecting said coincident poles.

17. In a device for n'ngless spinning of fibers, in combination, ahollow rotary spinning chamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamberand defining an axis of rotation for the same; drive means engaging saidshaft for rotating the same and said spinning chamber; and magneticmeans maintaining shaft in a predetermined operative position in lieu ofbearings, said magnetic means comprising a plurality of permanentmagnets surrounding said shaft and having respective coincident poles,and pole shoes extending longitudinally of said haft directed towardsthe same and connecting said coincident poles.

18. In a device for ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, ahollow rotary spinning chamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamberand defining an axis of rotation for the same, said shaft having anupright orientation and a free lower end; a bearing below said lowerend, supporting and journalling the same; drive means engaging saidshaft for rotating the same and said spinning chamber; and magneticmeans maintaining said shaft in a predetermined operative position inlieu of bearings.

19. In a device for ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, ahollow rotary spinning chamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamberand defining an axis of rotation for the same, said shaft having anupright orientation and a free lower end; a permanent magnet cooperatingwith said lower end for maintaining it in a predetermined position;drive means engaging said shaft for rotating the same and said spinningchamber; and magnetic means maintaining said shaft in a predeterminedoperative position in lieu of bearings.

20. In a device as defined in claim 19, said permanent magnet beinglocated below said free end and an upwardly facing pole shoe; andfurther comprising a reinforcement portion provided on said free end, arecess provided in said reinforcement portion having an open side facingdownwardly towards said pole shoe, and a spherical member ofmagnetizable material partially received in said recess and in magneticengagement with said pole shoe.

21. In a device for ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, ahollow rotary spinning chamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamberand defining an axis of rotation for the same; drive means engaging saidshaft for rotating the same and said spinning chamber; and maintainingmeans maintaining said shaft in a predetermined operative position inlieu of bearings, said maintaining means comprising permanent magnetmeans having a pole shoe extending along but slightly spaced from saidshaft, a plurality of circumferential first recesses and firstprojections provided on said shaft alternating in axial directionthereof, and a plurality of second recesses and second projectionsprovided on said pole shoe, each of said second recesses being bination,a hollow rotary spinning chamber; a shaft fixed with said spinningchamber and defining an axis of rotation; drive means engaging saidshaft for rotating the same and said spinning chamber; and magneticmeans maintaining said shaft in a predetermined operative position inlieu of bearings, said magnetic means comprises a plurality of permanentmagnets at least one of which has a magnetic force which is lower thatthat of the others.

1. In a device for ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, a hollowcylindrical carding roller having an inner circumferential surface andbeing mounted for rotation about a first axis; a hollow rotary spinningchamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamber and defining for thesame a second axis of rotation axially paralleling said first axis, saidshaft extending in part into said carding roller; magnetic meansmaintaining said shaft in a predetermined operative position in lieu ofbearings; and drive means, comprising motion-transmitting elements onsaid inner circumferential surface, engaging said shaft for rotating thesame and said spinning chamber in response to rotation of said cardingrollers.
 2. In a device as defined in claim 1, said motion-transmittingelements comprising at least two circumferentially complete annularbeads provided on said inner surface axially spaced from one another andin engagement with an outer surface of said shaft.
 3. In a device asdefined in claim 1; further comprising retaining means operative forretaining said shaft at least substantially against movement topositions in which it is skew with reference to said predeterminedposition, during starting and stopping of said rotation.
 4. In a deviceas defined in claim 3, said retaining means comprising annular retainingmembers surrounding said shaft with predetermined radial clearance andbeing fixedly mounted in said carding roller.
 5. In a device as definedin claim 1 said motion-transmitting elements comprising at least twopair of coaxial motion-transmitting annuli surrounding said shaft inmotion-transmitting relationship therewith, at least one of said pairscontacting said inner surface and receiving rotary motion in response torotation of said carding roller.
 6. In a device as defined in claim 1,said magnetic means comprising at least two permanent magnets havinglike poles which face one another, and pole shoes facing said shaft. 7.In a device as defined in claim 6, said permanent magnets being rodshaped.
 8. In a device as defined in claim 6, said permanent magnetsbeing circumferentially complete annular magnet members of circularoutline.
 9. In a device as defined in claim 6, said permanent magnetsbeing circumferentially incomplete annular magnet members ofsemi-circular outline.
 10. In a device as defined in claim 6, saidpermanent magnets being of substantially cubical configuration.
 11. In adevice as defined in claim 6, said permanent magnets being ofparallelepipedal configuration.
 12. In a device as defined in claim 5;said magnetic means comprising a main magnet and three auxiliarymagnets, a holder for said main magnet supporting the latter exteriorlyof said carding roller adjacent the wall of the same, said holderconstituting a pole shoe for one of said auxiliary magnets locatedwithin said roller and having two poles arranged oppositely said mainmagnet, and a pair of permanent reinforcing magnets mounted on saidmotion-transmitting annuli and having poles positioned in coincidentrelationship with those of said main magnet, and an additional holderholding said reinforcing magnets and constituting a pole shoe for thesame.
 13. In a device for ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, ahollow rotary spinning chamber; a first shaft fixed with said spinningchamber and defining an axis of rotation for the same; magnetic meansmaintaining said first shaft in a predetermined operative position inlieu of bearings; a carding roller having a second shaft and beingmounted for rotation in axial parallelism with said axis of rotation ofsaid chamber; and drive means, comprising at least two annular drivemembers surrounding and fixed to said first shaft and operativelyassociated with said second shaft for receiving rotary motion from thesame.
 14. In a device for ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, ahollow rotary spinning chamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamberand defining an axis of rotation for the same; drive means engaging saidshaft for rotating the same and said spinning chamber; and magneticmeans maintaining said shaft in a predetermined operative position inlieu of bearings, said magnetic means comprising a plurality ofpermanent magnets arranged above one another and having respectivecoincident poles, and pole shoes connecting said coincident poles. 15.In a device for ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, a hollowrotary spinning chamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamber anddefining an axis of rotation for the same; drive means engaging saidshaft for rotating the same and said spinning chamber; and magneticmeans maintaining said shaft in a predetermined operative position inlieu of bearings, said magnetic means comprising a plurality ofpermanent magnets arranged above one another at opposite sides of saidshaft, and pole shoes on said magnets and cooperating with said shaftfor maintaining the same in said predetermined position.
 16. In a devicefor ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, a hollow rotaryspinning chamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamber and definingan axis of rotation for the same; drive means engaging said shaft forrotating the same and said spinning chamber; and magnetic meansmaintaining said shaft in a predetermined operative position in lieu ofbearings, said magnetic means comprising a plurality of permanentmagnets arranged adjacent one another all at one side of said shaft andhaving respective coincident poles, and a pole shoe extendinglongitudinally of said shaft and connecting said coincident poles. 17.In a device for ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, a hollowrotary spinning chamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamber anddefining an axis of rotation for the same; drive means engaging saidshaft for rotating the same and said spinning chamber; and magneticmeans maintaining shaft in a predetermined operative position in lieu ofbearings, said magnetic means comprising a plurality of permanentmagnets surrounding said shaft and having respective coincident poles,and pole shoes extending longitudinally of said haft directed towardsthe same and connecting said coincident poles.
 18. In a device forringless spinning of fibers, in combination, a hollow rotary spinningchamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamber and defining an axisof rotation for the same, said shaft having an upright orientation and afree lower end; a bearing below said lower end, supporting andjournalling the same; drive means engaging said shaft for rotating thesame and said spinning chamber; and magnetic means maintaining saidshaft in a predetermined operative position in lieu of bearings.
 19. Ina device for ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, a hollowrotary spinning chamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamber anddefining an axis of rotation for the same, said shaft having an uprightorientation and a free lower end; a permanent magnet cooperating withsaid lower end for maintaining it in a predetermined position; drivemeans engaging said shaft for rotating the same and said spinningchamber; and magnetic means maintaining said shaft in a predeterminedoperative position in lieu of bearings.
 20. In a device as defined inclaim 19, said permanent magnet being located below said free end and anupwardly facing pole shoe; and further comprising a reinforcementportion provided on said free end, a recess provided in saidreinforcement portion having an open side facing downwardly towards saidpole shoe, and a spherical member of magnetizable material partiallyreceived in said recess and in magnetic engagement with said pole shoe.21. In a device for ringless spinning of fibers, in combination, ahollow rotary spinning chamber; a shaft fixed with said spinning chamberand defining an axis of rotation for the same; drive means engaging saidshaft for rotating the same and said spinning chamber; and maintainingmeans maintaining said shaft in a predetermined operative position inlieu of bearings, said maintaining means comprising permanent magnetmeans having a pole shoe extending along but slightly spaced from saidshaft, a plurality of circumferential first recesses and firstprojections provided on said shaft alternating in axial directionthereof, and a plurality of second recesses and second projectionsprovided on said pole shoe, each of said second recesses beingjuxtaposed with one of said first recesses and each of said secondprojections being juxtaposed with one of said first projections.
 22. Ina device as defined in claim 21, wherein said projections and recessesare of identical width in axial direction of said shaft.
 23. In a deviceas defined in claim 21, wherein the width of said projections in axialdirection of said shaft is greater than the corresponding width of saidrecesses.
 24. In a device for ringless spinning of fibers, incombination, a hollow rotary spinNing chamber; a shaft fixed with saidspinning chamber and defining an axis of rotation; drive means engagingsaid shaft for rotating the same and said spinning chamber; and magneticmeans maintaining said shaft in a predetermined operative position inlieu of bearings, said magnetic means comprises a plurality of permanentmagnets at least one of which has a magnetic force which is lower thatthat of the others.